Section: 
Reviews
ReviewsImmunological aspects of ent infection in patients with congenital cleft lip and palate
Z. F. Kharaeva (1), F. Kh. Dyshekova (1), G. S. Mal’tseva (2), E. K. Azamatova (3)
(1) Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University, Nalchik, 360051, Russia, (2) Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russia, (3) Republican Children's Clinical Hospital, Nalchik, 360000, Russia
UDK: УДК 616.315/.317-007.254:615.37
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2022-4-82-91
ABSTRACT
Cleft lip and palate are considered one of the most common and severe among congenital anomalies and occupy the 3rd–4th places in their structure. Due to their complexity, the issues of treatment and rehabilitation of this category of children are relevant and open for discussion. In addition to the surgical correction of anatomical and functional disorders, the restoration of immunological resistance is of great importance. The state of immunity plays one of the key roles in the course of treatment and rehabilitation of children with congenital cleft lip and palate, determines the frequency and severity of ENT infections, and directly affects the wound healing processes. This review analyzes the scientific literature on immunological and microbiological disorders that occur in congenital cleft lip and palate and methods for their correction. Methods for assessing and monitoring pathological changes in cellular and humoral immunity at different stages of treatment are presented. It was revealed that the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota of the oronasopharyngeal zone before and after the surgical stage of treatment is a direct reflection of the state of mucosal immunity and one of the leading factors affecting wound healing.
Publication date:
18.08.2022
Keywords:
congenital cleft lip and palate, local immunity, microbiocenosis, immunotherapy. For citation:
Kharaeva Z. F., Dyshekova F. Kh., Mal’tseva G. S., Azamatova E. K. Immunological aspects of ent infection in patients with congenital cleft lip and palate. Rossiiskaya otorinolaringologiya. 2022;21(4):82-91. https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2022-4-82-91