Section: 
General questions of otolaryngology
General questions of otolaryngologyMelanoma in otolaryngologist practice
V. V. Noskova (1), A. N. Khrabrikov (2)
(1), (2) Kirov State Medical University, Kirov, 610998, Russian Federation
UDK: УДК 616.21:615.5]-006.81
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2025-1-8-13
ABSTRACT
Abstract. Introduction. Melanoma is a malignant tumor that arises from melanocytes that produce melanin. The tumor has a neuroectodermal nature, it is found in any organs and tissues. The prevalence of melanoma in the Russian Federation in 2022 was 72.7 people per 100,000 population, with 79.6% of cases of melanoma detected in stages I–II; and 19.2% of cases, in stages III–IV. Men and women get sick almost equally often. The average age observed for melanoma is 58.7 years. Clinical diagnosis of melanoma of the mucous membranes is difficult since the tumor may be asymptomatic or disguised as other chronic non-tumor diseases. The duration of the disease ranges from several months to 3–5 years. It depends primarily on the stage of the disease and the metastasis of the tumor. The mortality rate in melanoma is 2.8 and 7.5% in the 1st year after diagnosis. Objective. To present clinical observations of melanoma in the practice of an otorhinolaryngologist as a rare malignant tumor. Conclusions. It is necessary to maintain oncological alertness in cases of long-term inflammatory diseases of the ear, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. A clear diagnostic algorithm for managing a patient with suspected neoplasms and an integrated approach to the problem will increase the frequency of pathology detection before significant complications develop, speed up diagnosis, reduce the risk of diagnostic errors, and increase the patient’s chance of a favorable outcome of subsequent treatment.
Publication date:
20.02.2025
Keywords:
malignant neoplasms, melanoma of the skin and mucous membranes in otorhinolaryngology For citation:
Noskova V. V., Khrabrikov A. N. Melanoma in otolaryngologist practice. Russian Otorhinolaryngology. 2025;24(1):8-13. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2025-1-8-13