Section: 
Diseases of the lymphoepithelial pharyngeal ring and neck
Diseases of the lymphoepithelial pharyngeal ring and neckLaryngeal cysts: new look at old problem
E. R. Sharipova (1), E. E. Savel’eva (2), E. R. Abubakirova (3), A. F. Shigapov (4), V. N. Tkachenko (5)
(1), (2), (3) Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, 450000, Russian Federation, (4), (5) G. G. Kuvatov Republican Clinical Hospital, Ufa, 450005, Russian Federation
UDK: УДК 616.22-006.2-003.4
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2025-3-24-31
ABSTRACT
Abstract. The article presents data on laryngeal cysts, their etiology, causes, and treatment tactics. The article also presents an analysis of a clinical case of lymphomatous oncocytic cyst of the larynx. Laryngeal cysts include dermoid, epidermoid, oncocytic, retention. The causes of laryngeal cysts are varied: chronic concomitant diseases, infectious factors, prolonged vocal stress, smoking, exposure to dusty air. Laryngeal retention cysts are the most common laryngeal cysts. They arise because of mucus retention due to obstruction of the mucous gland duct by microliths or occur against the background of inflammation. If they become infected, there is a risk of laryngeal stenosis. Dermoid cysts of the larynx are benign formations of the larynx. They are divided into congenital (a consequence of a congenital anomaly in the development of the gill arches) and acquired (as a result of traumatic or iatrogenic effects). They are often multiple. When reaching significant sizes, cysts compress the surrounding tissues and lead to their dystrophic changes. The contents of such a cyst act as an irritant to fibrovascular tissue causing postoperative inflammation of adjacent structures. Recurrences of dermoid cysts are rare. Epidermoid cysts of the larynx can develop either during the restoration of damaged mucous membrane due to trauma (secondary, acquired cysts) or from rudimentary remnants of the thyroglossal duct in the proper plate of the mucous membrane (primary, congenital cysts). They develop anywhere in the larynx. Oncocytic cysts of the larynx are rare benign, slow-growing formations lined with oncocytes. Oncocytic change is a metaplasia phenomenon that often occurs in epithelial endocrine cells with high metabolic activity. It is believed that oncocytic tumors are mitochondrial tumors. Malignancy of oncocytic cysts is extremely rare, but observation is required. Surgical removal of laryngeal cysts is the treatment of choice since with significant sizes of laryngeal cysts compression of the surrounding tissue occurs leading to degenerative processes. Complete excision of laryngeal cysts prevents recurrence of cysts.
Publication date:
17.06.2025
Keywords:
laryngeal cysts, oncocytic cysts, dermoid cysts, epidermoid cysts, retention cysts For citation:
Sharipova E. R., Savel’eva E. E., Abubakirova E. R., Shigapov A. F., Tkachenko V. N. Laryngeal cysts: new look at old problem. Russian Otorhinolaryngology. 2025;24(3):24-31. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2025-3-24-31