Section: 
Rewiews
RewiewsEtiopathogenetic aspects of tympanosclerosis
I. M. D’yakov (1), I. I. Chernushevich (2), A. A. Val’kova (3), A. V. Mamedova (4)
(1), (2), (3), (4) Saint Petersburg Scientific Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech, Saint Petersburg, 190013, Russian Federation
UDK: УДК 616.284-004-002.2-092
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2025-5-115-121
ABSTRACT
Abstract. Tympanosclerosis is a chronic non-purulent disease of the middle ear characterized by the formation of specific sclerotic foci in the connective tissue layer of the mucous membrane of the middle ear and/or eardrum, which limit the mobility of the eardrum and auditory ossicles, leading to impaired sound conduction and the development of hearing loss. Despite many previously conducted morphological, immunological, histochemical, and electron microscopic studies, some aspects of the etiopathogenesis of this disease are still unclear. This article presents a brief literature review of domestic and international sources devoted to the etiopathogenetic aspects of tympanosclerosis. Actuality of this topic is imposed by the fact that tympanosclerosis develops only in some patients suffering from chronic suppurative otitis or adhesive otitis. Therefore, in this review, special interest was paid to papers that described the mechanisms of development of the inflammatory reaction in the middle ear, the features of calcium metabolism, and the influence of osteotropic factors and that also tried to find common ground in the pathogenesis of tympanosclerosis and atherosclerosis developing according to a similar scenario with the participation of the Wnt-pathways. Further study of the etiopathogenetic aspects of tympanosclerosis may contribute to the development of preventive measures and additional methods of treatment of this disease.
Publication date:
20.10.2025
Keywords:
tympanosclerosis, calcium metabolism, osteotropic factors, Wnt-pathways For citation:
D’yakov I. M., Chernushevich I. I., Val’kova A. A., Mamedova A. V. Etiopathogenetic aspects of tympanosclerosis. Russian Otorhinolaryngology. 2025;24(5):13-27. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2025-5-115-121