Section: 
Rhinology issues
Rhinology issuesComparative characteristics of cases of mucormycosis of paranasal sinuses in russian federation before and during covid-19 pandemic
A. O. Charushin (1), S. N. Khostelidi (2), A. M. Elovikov (3), I. P. Charushina (4), I. I. Borodulina (5), S. Yu. Balandina (6)
(1), (3), (4), (5) Wagner Perm State Medical University, Perm, 614990, Russian Federation, (2) Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, 191015, Russian Federation, (6) Perm State National Research University, Perm, 614068, Russian Federation
UDK: УДК 616.216:582.281.21:616.98-036.11(470)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2025-1-38-46
ABSTRACT
Abstract. One of the features of the COVID-19 pandemic was a significant increase in the number of patients who suffered from the rare fungal disease mucormycosis. A comparative characteristic of cases of mucormycosis with lesions of the paranasal sinuses in the Russian Federation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic is presented. We used data from the Mucormycosis in Adult Patients register of the Department of Clinical Mycology, Allergology, and Immunology, the Kashkin Research Institute of Medical Mycology of the Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University (Saint Petersburg). The diagnosis of invasive mucormycosis was established according to the criteria of ECMM/MSGERC (2020). 117 cases of mucormycosis of the paranasal sinuses detected in the Russian Federation from September 2002 to November 2022 were identified and analyzed. We identified 2 groups of patients: the first: 15 people (September 2002–November 2019), the second: 102 (March 2020–November 2022). A comparative analysis of the identified risk factors, background diseases, lesion localization, diagnostic methods and types of mycosis treatment was carried out. Conclusions. Mucormycosis of the paranasal sinuses during the COVID-19 pandemic was recorded 7 times more often than before it. Before the pandemic, mycosis developed mainly in patients with oncohematological diseases who received courses of polychemotherapy, with agranulocytosis, who underwent invasive dental and ENT procedures, with localization in the maxillary sinuses and the ethmoid labyrinth. During the pandemic, mycosis developed against the background of a coronavirus infection, more often in patients with diabetes mellitus receiving glucocorticosteroids. It proceeded according to the type of polysinusitis with orbital involvement and was characterized by a longer 3-month survival rate.
Publication date:
20.02.2025
Keywords:
paranasal sinus mucormycosis, COVID-19, diabetes mellitus, agranulocytosis For citation:
Charushin A. O., Khostelidi S. N., Elovikov A. M., Charushina I. P., Borodulina I. I., Balandina S. Yu. Comparative characteristics of cases of mucormycosis of paranasal sinuses in russian federation before and during covid-19 pandemic. Russian Otorhinolaryngology. 2025;24(1):38-46. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.18692/1810-4800-2025-1-38-46